MuddyWater threat group

MuddyWater is an espionage group thought to operate from Iran, with suspected state backing. Public reporting links it to 43 attack techniques, and to attacks on government organisations, with 9 countries and victims named. This free profile shows how it works and who it targets, so you can judge the risk to you.

Attack techniques
43
Countries and victims named
9
Thought to operate from
Iran
Suspected backing
Iran
Motive
Espionage
Other names
11
Built from public reporting, with every source listed below.
Overview

Who is MuddyWater?

MuddyWater has 11 other names in security research. Below is what published reporting says about it, with a link to every report so you can check the detail yourself.

Also known as

TEMP.ZagrosStatic KittenSeedwormMERCURYCOBALT ULSTERG0069ATK51Boggy SerpensMango SandstormTA450Earth Vetala

Security companies each give the same group their own name, so one group can have many.

What public reporting says

The MuddyWater attacks are primarily against Middle Eastern nations. However, we have also observed attacks against surrounding nations and beyond, including targets in India and the USA. MuddyWater attacks are characterized by the use of a slowly evolving PowerShell-based first stage backdoor we call “POWERSTATS”. Despite broad scrutiny and reports on MuddyWater attacks, the activity continues with only incremental changes to the tools and techniques.

How it works

How does MuddyWater attack? Stage by stage.

Each technique is a known way attackers research, get in, stay hidden or do damage. Here are the 43 linked to MuddyWater, laid out from first look to final blow. Some techniques belong to more than one stage. Pick a stage to see them. Public reporting also lists 39 more specific variations of them, called sub-techniques.

Stage 10 of 15

Looking around

Mapping the network, accounts and data once inside.

8 techniques
  • T1016System Network Configuration Discovery
  • T1033System Owner/User Discovery
  • T1049System Network Connections Discovery
  • T1057Process Discovery
  • T1082System Information Discovery
  • T1083File and Directory Discovery
  • T1087Account Discovery
  • T1518Software Discovery
Targets

Who does MuddyWater go after?

The sectors and places named in public reporting about this group. If yours is on the list, it is worth knowing how they work and which flaws they use.

Sectors (1)

Government
See threats by industry →

Countries and victims named (9)

  1. 01Saudi Arabia
  2. 02Georgia
  3. 03Turkey
  4. 04Iraq
  5. 05Israel
  6. 06India
  7. 07United Arab Emirates
  8. 08Pakistan
  9. 09United States
Free account

Is MuddyWater a risk to you?

A public profile tells you who a group is. Your account tells you whether it matters to you: we match the software you run to the flaws threat groups use, and we keep watching, so you hear about anything that affects you as soon as we know.

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FAQ

Questions about MuddyWater

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MuddyWater is an espionage group thought to operate from Iran, with suspected state backing. Public reporting links it to 43 attack techniques, and to attacks on government organisations, with 9 countries and victims named.

Public reporting places MuddyWater as operating from Iran, with suspected state backing. Attribution is never certain: it rests on the tools, infrastructure and targets researchers have seen.

In public reporting, sectors named include government, and 9 countries and victims are named, including Saudi Arabia, Georgia, Turkey and Iraq.

Public reporting links MuddyWater to 43 attack techniques. Most of them are about looking around, keeping contact with their servers and running code.

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