# Carmine Tsunami: threat group profile

> Carmine Tsunami is a threat group thought to operate from Israel. Public reporting about it is still limited. This free profile brings together what is known about it, so you can judge the risk to you. It lists the other names the group goes by and links to every public report behind it.

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## At a glance

| Fact | Value |
|---|---|
| Attack techniques | 0 |
| Thought to operate from | Israel |
| Other names | 2 |
| Public reports | 2 |

## Who is Carmine Tsunami?

Carmine Tsunami is a threat group thought to operate from Israel. Public reporting about it is still limited.

### Also known as

DEV-0196, QuaDream

Security companies each give the same group their own name, so one group can have many.

### What public reporting says

> Carmine Tsunami is a threat actor linked to an Israel-based private sector offensive actor called QuaDream. QuaDream sells a platform called REIGN to governments for law enforcement purposes, which includes exploits, malware, and infrastructure for data exfiltration from mobile devices. Carmine Tsunami is associated with the iOS malware called KingsPawn and has targeted civil society victims, including journalists, political opposition figures, and NGO workers, in various regions. They utilize domain registrars and inexpensive cloud hosting providers, often using single domains per IP address and deploying free Let's Encrypt SSL certificates.

## Public reports about Carmine Tsunami

- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/04/11/dev-0196-quadreams-kingspawn-malware-used-to-target-civil-society-in-europe-north-america-the-middle-east-and-southeast-asia/
- https://citizenlab.ca/2023/04/spyware-vendor-quadream-exploits-victims-customers/

## Frequently asked questions

### Who is Carmine Tsunami?

Carmine Tsunami is a threat group thought to operate from Israel. Public reporting about it is still limited.

### Where is Carmine Tsunami thought to be based?

Public reporting places Carmine Tsunami as operating from Israel. Attribution is never certain: it rests on the tools, infrastructure and targets researchers have seen.

### How do I know if Carmine Tsunami is a risk to my business?

Create an account and tell us the software you run. We match it against known flaws, including those linked to threat groups, rank each one from 0 to 100 and tell you as soon as we spot something that affects you.

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